Managing Sore or Cracked Nipples

Many people experience sore nipples while breastfeeding. Some soreness in the first two weeks is normal. But ongoing pain is not.

There are many causes of sore or cracked nipples. Finding the cause will help you feel better. WIC staff can help you figure out what's going on.

Latch and Position Relief

Pain that lasts more than a few seconds while breastfeeding is not normal. A good latch and proper positioning can prevent nipple pain.

How to get a good latch

Hold your breast in a "sandwich" shape to flatten it.
Point your nipple toward your baby's nose while their mouth is open wide.
Slip your nipple into their mouth. Their lips should be wide like "fish lips."
If it hurts after a few seconds, put a clean finger in their mouth to break the seal. Try again.

What good positioning looks like

Your baby is close to you: tummy to tummy or chest to chest.
Your baby's arms and legs are tucked in close to your body (not pulling on your breast).
Your baby's face is across from your nipple ("nose to nipple").
You feel comfortable and relaxed.
Your bodies are close together.

Other Causes of Sore or Cracked Nipples

Common causes:

Breast infection from bacteria (mastitis) or yeast (thrush)
Using a breast pump incorrectly (e.g., too much suction or wrong flange size)
Breasts feel overly full or engorged
Allergic reaction to nipple creams or oils

Less common causes:

Baby has a tongue tie or lip tie
Plugged duct near the nipple
Plugged nipple pore
Vasospasms (nipple turns white)

Care for Sore Nipples

Wash your hands with soap and water before and after touching your breasts.
Wear cotton bras if possible.
Keep your nipples dry and clean.
Wash cracked nipples gently once a day with mild soap and water.
After feeding, put a thin layer of breast milk on your nipples and let them air dry.
If using breast pads, keep them dry and change them often.
Don't use pads with plastic backing. They can trap moisture.
Avoid nipple creams, lanolin, lotion, or oils.
If your breasts feel very full before feeding, hand express or pump a little to help your baby latch easier.

If the pain doesn't get better in a few days or a wound isn't healing, talk to your health care provider and WIC lactation consultant. You may need more treatment.